____________ is the increase in pressure in a part of the circuit above the system pressure at the pump outlet.

____________ is the increase in pressure in a part of the circuit above the system pressure at the pump outlet.

• A. Pressure spike
• B. In-rush pressure
• C. Pressure intensification
• D. Fluid hammer

Answer: (C)

The concept being tested is how pressure can rise locally in a hydraulic circuit due to changes in how the fluid moves, even when the pump outlet sets a baseline system pressure. If the flow encounters a section where velocity must decrease (for example, a sudden enlargement or a flow path that slows down downstream), the fluid’s kinetic energy is partly converted into pressure energy. That local static pressure can become higher than the pump outlet pressure. This is known as pressure intensification. This isn’t about a transient shock like water hammer or a vague “pressure spike.” It’s a steady or quasi-steady effect where a region of the circuit experiences a higher pressure than the pump outlet because the flow slows down and the energy balance (Bernoulli with losses) allows a higher static pressure there.

The concept being tested is how pressure can rise locally in a hydraulic circuit due to changes in how the fluid moves, even when the pump outlet sets a baseline system pressure. If the flow encounters a section where velocity must decrease (for example, a sudden enlargement or a flow path that slows down downstream), the fluid’s kinetic energy is partly converted into pressure energy. That local static pressure can become higher than the pump outlet pressure. This is known as pressure intensification.

This isn’t about a transient shock like water hammer or a vague “pressure spike.” It’s a steady or quasi-steady effect where a region of the circuit experiences a higher pressure than the pump outlet because the flow slows down and the energy balance (Bernoulli with losses) allows a higher static pressure there.